Unpaved road stabilization / reinforcement using 3d-cellular confinement systems stabilizes the material of road subgrade; acting like a semi-rigid slab, loads are distributed latterly reducing subgrade contact pressures and minimizing deformations and settlement.
Confinement with the load support system produces a stiff base with high flexural strength.
Acting like a semi-rigid slab, loads are distributed latterly reducing subgrade contact pressures. Minimizes load-related deformation and settlement .
The subgrade thickness of gravel and breakstone requires 50% or less base material when material is confined to achieve the same load support requirements.
Geocells allow to use lower quality sand in temporal or permanent highway constructions, even over soft subgrades.
Improving Load Distribution
Soil stabilization / improvement with geocell in road, highway construction, improves load distribution characteristics on paved and unpaved surfaces.
Subgrade contact pressure from dynamic and static loadings are distributed throughout the three-dimensional cellular network of the geosystem.
Thus; pavement deflections, rutting and maintenance costs will deterred .
Track Structure Stiffness
The Cellular Confinement System prevents lateral displacement of ballast and sub-ballast materials on Geocell Road / Highway Construction.
This improves track structure stiffness for greater rail alignment and stability.
Differential and total settlement of the ballast, even on low-strength subgrades, is significantly reduced.
Long-term track performance in high-traffic areas such as grade crossings, switches and turnouts can be greatly reduced. The subgrade thickness of gravel and breakstone requires 50% or less base material when material is confined to achieve the same load support requirements.
Soil Stabilization - Improvement for Stabilized Roads
Maintaining unpaved roads such as trails,forest, fire escape or access roads can cause problems due to inappropriate characteristics of subsoil which can cause rutting, dents, break outs, washing out and settlements of unpaved surfaces.
A modern solution is necessary for the maintenance: reconstruction of roads – especially on low load-bearing capacity soils – with the cellular confinement system (geocells). Soil stabilization - improvement with geocell road construction brings economical and technical privileges related to the limitation of deep soil replacement, opportunity to use aggregate of lower quality (recycled quality), enabling highly effective drainage system and considerably extended operational life in comparison to the conventional solutions.
Cellular Confinement Systems have been used to improve the performance of both paved and unpaved roads, highways by reinforcing the soil in the subgrade-base interface or within the base course.
The effective load distribution of Geocell Cellular Confinement Systems provides a strong and stiff cellular mattress. This 3d mattress reduces vertical differential settlement into soft subgrades, improves shear strength, and enhances load-bearing capacity, while reducing the amount of aggregate material required to extend the service life of roads.
As a composite system, cellular confinement strengthens the aggregate infill, thereby simultaneously enabling the use of poorly graded inferior material such as local native soils, quarry waste or recycled materials.
Typical load support applications include reinforcement of base and subbase layers in flexible pavements, including: asphalt pavements; unpaved access, service and haul roads; military roads, railway substructure and ballast confinement; working platforms in intermodal transports; airport runways and aprons, permeable pavements; pipeline road support; green parking facilities and emergency access areas.
Application Areas for Soil Stabilization
- Road, Highway Construction
- Military Road Reinforcement and Stabilization
- Sub-Ballast Stabilization
- Channel Protection
- Airport Runway
- Access Roads
- Road Shoulder Stabilization
- Embankment Stabilization
- Geomembrane Protection
- Basin Containment Areas
- Intermodal / Port Facilities
- Transportation and Container Terminals
Soil Stabilization - Improvement for Railroads and Railway Structures
Compressible and poor load bearing soil, unstable and degragated embankments, subgrades can cause considerable problems and difficulties while maintaining rail traffic.
This can result in traffic speed reduction and in extreme situation also shutting down traffic at the most dangerous sections.
Also unstable excavation slopes at railroads, earth slopes exposed to erosion and landslides at the site where the railroads are located can become a threat and all of them can consequently lead to big economic losses.
Since 1984 Geocells have been applied in railroad engineering in such countries as: Great Britain, USA, Canada, Japan, South African Republic and Spain.
Research works and practical application in the USA and Japan have confirmed the suitability of this system for railway lines with heavy load axle and high speed.
No matter what type of hazard it is, this should eventually result in technical interventions.With the application of geocells we can afford for considerable reduction of time and installation costs in comparison to the conventional solutions.
Therefore,geocells have substantial importance in case of emergencies.
Thecnical and Economic Advantages with Tarmaxx Geocell Cellular Confinement Systems
- Stabilization and support of the substructure of rail tracks on the soft and flexible soil (including during the application of sleepers, pre-tension prestressed concrete switch sleepers and jointless rail tracks),
- Construction of stable and long-life road and rail crossing,
- Liquidation of wet railway beds,
- Repeated used of breakstone during the repairs of railway sub grades,
- Limitation of deep soil replacement,
- Preventing the propagation of oscillation and vertical and horizontal vibration from railway subgrades (protection of historic buildings),
- Prevention of the occurrence of stray currents and extending the life of rails and crossovers,
- Enabling the construction of stable and long-life connections of subgrades to bridges and viaducts,
- Enabling the application of any type of surfaces along and inside the railway subgrade that remain environmentally beneficial while taking care of the aesthetic landscape design,
- Enabling quick repairs and modernization of stable road and rail crossings on poor subsoil,
- Enabling a significantly faster modernization or repair of subgrade, frequently with traffic continued on the neighbouring track,
- Stabilization and corrosion protection of earth slopes, excavation slopes and embankments,
- Possibility to form embankments on poor load bearing soils,
- Possibility to form earth retention walls and soil sound absorbing structures.
Soil Stabilization / Geocell Runway
Deicing Aircraft Platforms Engineering
Ecological Problem
Having in mind the program of modernizing and building national airports building deicing aircraft platforms is one of the airport infrastructure elements required for the given airport class in the certain climatic conditions.
The research carried in the USA by FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) have shown, that even a layer of ice on the aircraft's wings as thin as 0,4 mm reduces the ability of raising up by 12% - 24%.
For safety reasons it is forbidden to allow any ice-covered aircraft to set off. Besides the factors of the air traffic, there is also an important issue of protecting the soil-water environment from pollution.
It is an important issue, because the surfaces of such platforms for international airports can cover areas of 6-12 ha (equivalent to approx. 7 -11 football pitches).
Deicing of an aircraft is usually being carried with a use of liquids, a mixture of ethylene glycol (60%) water (40%) or propylene glycol with lower freezing point.
Covering an aircraft with such mixture protects against repeated freezing for approx. 70 minutes. At high humidity, in certain winter conditions, 700-4500 liters of the liquid is used, while in case of harder conditions it takes even up to 18 000 liters.
Some part of the liquid flows down onto the apron and the rest of it is being removed during the takeoff. If the start of an airplane is getting delayed, the whole process is being repeated.
Liquids used for deicing are toxic and should not stay on the apron, aggravating the storm water drainage.This complexity of the problem results from the fact, that deicing platforms require a proper drainage system, regenerating and cleansing the effluents, ensured soil isolation from pollution and the foundation of the platform needs to protect the whole structure against irregular subsidence of the ground.
In case of weak, compressible and heterogeneous soils it is often associated with deep soil exchange. Taking into account a surface of such platform, which needs to serve for few up to over a dozen airplanes we have to deal with huge financial outlays.
Application areas of Tarmaxx Geocell System
Runway for Civil and military Aviation
- Airstrips (conventional pavement foundation or directly as turf and soil surfaces),
- Runaway borders,
- De-icing pads,
- Back stops,
- Dikes at airfields,
- Reservoirs for leachate after cleaning airfield surfaces,
- Foundation and safety tubs for fuel tanks,
- Airfield damage repair,
- Foundation and soil platforms for special devices (for example – free standing constructions of reinforced soil for radar stations).